1、世界智能電表行業發展歷程

　　電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)作為現代(dai)(dai)人類社會生活中必不可少(shao)的(de)主要能(neng)(neng)源，需要準確計(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表作為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)計(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)裝置，是(shi)商(shang)品交易中的(de)一種(zhong)特殊(shu)的(de)計(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)器具(ju)。1890 年弗拉里(li)發(fa)(fa)明感(gan)應(ying)(ying)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)度(du)表至今已(yi)有百余年的(de)歷史，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表的(de)發(fa)(fa)展已(yi)經歷了(le)(le)三個主要的(de)發(fa)(fa)展階(jie)段(duan)。第一階(jie)段(duan)：上世(shi)紀(ji)60 年代(dai)(dai)以前，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表基本上采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣機械(xie)原理，其中應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)最多的(de)是(shi)感(gan)應(ying)(ying)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表；第二階(jie)段(duan)：上世(shi)紀(ji)70 年代(dai)(dai)起，人們開(kai)始研究并試驗采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)模擬電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)方案。到(dao)了(le)(le)80 年代(dai)(dai)，大量(liang)(liang)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)元器件的(de)相繼(ji)出現，為模擬電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表的(de)更新(xin)(xin)奠(dian)定了(le)(le)基礎；第三階(jie)段(duan)：從上世(shi)紀(ji)90 年代(dai)(dai)末數字(zi)(zi)采樣技術應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功率的(de)測量(liang)(liang)，數字(zi)(zi)采樣技術的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表以處理器為核(he)心(xin)，對(dui)數字(zi)(zi)化的(de)被(bei)測對(dui)象進行各(ge)種(zhong)判斷(duan)、處理和運算，從而實現多種(zhong)功能(neng)(neng)，不斷(duan) 滿(man)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)場的(de)發(fa)(fa)展對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)計(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)的(de)要求。

　　目前世界(jie)各國(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網關口和(he)工商用戶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表(biao)(biao)基(ji)本上更新為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表(biao)(biao)，居民(min)住宅用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表(biao)(biao)正在逐步電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子化(hua)。近兩年(nian)世界(jie)各國(guo)(guo)相(xiang)繼改(gai)造電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網，加快智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)。其中(zhong)，智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) 表(biao)(biao)及(ji)自(zi)動抄表(biao)(biao)技術是能(neng)(neng)(neng)源管理的(de)(de)第一步，歐盟計劃到(dao)2020 年(nian)將智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表(biao)(biao)覆蓋率提高到(dao)80%。美國(guo)(guo)政府在2009 年(nian)初的(de)(de)《經濟復(fu)興計劃進(jin)度報告》中(zhong)就明確宣布，未來3 年(nian)內將安裝(zhuang)4,000 萬個智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表(biao)(biao)，同時投(tou)資40 多億美元推(tui)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網現代(dai)化(hua)。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網可通(tong)過通(tong)信網絡(luo)掌握電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力供(gong)應的(de)(de)具體情況，有利于擴大太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)風(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)等清(qing)(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)源的(de)(de)使用。據美國(guo)(guo)清(qing)(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)源技術智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庫派克研究公(gong)司 發(fa)布的(de)(de)報告稱(cheng)，2008 年(nian)至2015 年(nian)間(jian)，全球(qiu)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網建設將吸引(yin)大約2,000 億美元的(de)(de)投(tou)資。隨著試點項目的(de)(de)增加，行業發(fa)展勢頭(tou)將越來越好，智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網將朝著更主流(liu)化(hua)方向發(fa)展。

2、我國智能(neng)電(dian)表市場(chang)需(xu)求

　　1952 年在上海成(cheng)(cheng)立了我(wo)國第一家(jia)電能(neng)表制造廠(chang)--上海和(he)成(cheng)(cheng)電器廠(chang)，并相(xiang)(xiang)繼成(cheng)(cheng)立了多家(jia)電表廠(chang)，國產電能(neng)表全面進入電力(li)工業生(sheng)產第一線。全國統一設計了DD-28、DD-86 型單相(xiang)(xiang)電能(neng)表和(he)DS-86、DT-86 型等三相(xiang)(xiang)電能(neng)表，一直延(yan)續至(zhi)今。

　　我國(guo)電(dian)子(zi)式(shi)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)表(biao)(biao)制(zhi)造由電(dian)子(zi)式(shi)標準數(shu)字(zi)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)表(biao)(biao)起步，從(cong) 1971-1973 年開始(shi)率先研制(zhi)成(cheng)功了PS-4 型(xing)單相電(dian)子(zi)式(shi)標準數(shu)字(zi)功率電(dian)能(neng)(neng)表(biao)(biao)。隨著電(dian)子(zi)技(ji)術的(de)(de)進步，集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)路的(de)(de)不斷提高(gao)和優(you)化(hua)，國(guo)產(chan)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)表(biao)(biao)逐漸達到同(tong)(tong)期的(de)(de)國(guo)外先進水平，取代(dai)進口同(tong)(tong)類標準電(dian)能(neng)(neng)表(biao)(biao)，并且 國(guo)產(chan)標準表(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)售后服務更好，國(guo)內維修方便又及時，始(shi)終走在行業的(de)(de)前列。近(jin)幾年為(wei)保(bao)證居民基本(ben)的(de)(de)用(yong)電(dian)需(xu)求，抑制(zhi)不合理能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)費，鼓勵節約能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)和保(bao)護環境(jing)，智 能(neng)(neng)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)表(biao)(biao)應運而(er)生。

　　2005 年到2009 年中(zhong)國(guo)電(dian)能表(biao)產量一直保(bao)持著良(liang)好(hao)的增長(chang)態勢，根據(ju)中(zhong)國(guo)產業(ye)研(yan)究院調(diao)研(yan)資料計算，2009 年我國(guo)電(dian)能表(biao)銷售量約為(wei)3.6 億(yi)臺，銷售收(shou)入近(jin)460 億(yi)元，其中(zhong)智能電(dian)表(biao)銷售收(shou)入超過總銷售收(shou)入的15%。